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The closer the school age and the school year, the more actively parents begin to think about the readiness of the child for a new stage of life. What should a future first grader know and be able to do? Requirements for different schools are different, but there are general criteria. They help moms and dads prepare their children for school.
Intelligent Readiness Criteria
This criterion is the most important, since it includes the item about the craving for knowledge of the future first grader. It is his experts who consider it the key when it comes to whether the child is ready for school in principle.
In the intellectual aspect, the child must:
- Be inquisitive, reach for new knowledge, be interested in the world around you (things and objects, feelings and relationships);
- Know how to ask questions to an adult;
- Have an idea about yourself (first name, last name, patronymic, gender, age, address) and about your family (what are the names of the parents and next of kin, what is the connection between them);
- Have a general idea of the state in which he lives, and of the world as a whole;
- Know and be able to name known plants, animals, modes of transport, professions, distinguish them from each other (for example, the differences between a cactus and a rose, a goat from a cat);
- Know the concept of «time», be able to name it (not necessarily by a mechanical clock, electronic ones are enough) and distinguish the time of day from each other;
- Know the basic geometric shapes and correlate them with different objects (the sun looks like a circle, the house looks like a triangle and a square);
- Know and name the primary colors, correlate them with different objects and animals (cheese is yellow, grass is green, snow is white);
- Know the numbers, count up to 10-20 and back, name the number of objects, if possible, know the simplest account (addition and subtraction) within 10;
- Know the seasons, days of the week, names of the months and name them in the correct order;
- Know the dates and names of famous holidays and be able to answer the question of which one he loves the most and why;
- Know the elementary structure of the human body (where the parts of the body are located, which ones are paired);
- Distinguish between living and non-living;
- Know the simplest rules of the road (you can’t switch to a red traffic light, cross only along a zebra, look around);
- Know syllables or be able to read simple two-syllable words by syllables (not a mandatory item, but desirable);
- Be able to listen to short texts and retell them, building a logical chain (started like this, continued with something, ended with this);
- Be able to come up with an elementary story from the picture.
Socio-psychological criterion of readiness
The socio-psychological criterion determines the child’s readiness for a new role for him — the role of a student. What does it mean? Children should understand and accept psychologically that soon they will have to live according to new rules: get up early, gain knowledge, interact with the team and teachers, do homework, follow the regime.
In the socio-psychological aspect, the child must:
- Be motivated to study (even one desire is enough);
- Know how to ask for help or ask for something;
- Be able to be attentive, focused and concentrated for a certain time (40-45 minutes — that is, for the duration of the lesson);
- Be able to observe discipline, rules, control your emotions;
- Understand the need to comply with school rules;
- Know why people go to school and how the learning process works in general;
- Be able to adequately respond to comments;
- Understand the wording «can not», «can», «should»;
- Be independent in everyday life (be able to dress without outside help, tie shoelaces, fasten buttons, wash hands without being reminded, neatly fold school supplies);
- Be able to build a dialogue, communicate with people of different ages;
- Have a desire to make new friends, share your emotions, impressions, interests with them;
- Be able to turn on your imagination in time;
- Be able to act on the instructions of adults, obey them (in the future — a teacher, a school psychologist, etc.);
- Have a desire to achieve certain goals and be able to set them (according to age);
- To be able to show strength to the will (after all, the child will have to do homework when you really want to take a walk);
- Have an idea of cultural values (be able to say hello and goodbye, thank you, use other polite words, do not interrupt in conversation, keep clean);
- Possess logical thinking and understanding of the order of actions (for example, to prepare a salad, you first need to cut vegetables).
Physiological criterion of readiness
Another important criterion for a child’s readiness for school is physiological. It is these skills and abilities that allow children to effectively master the school curriculum without harming their health.
In a physiological aspect, the child must:
- Have a need for physical activity;
- Be able to confidently hold a pen and pencil, use scissors, brushes, rulers;
- Be able to navigate in space and, in accordance with them, coordinate their movements (right-left, top-bottom, back-front, more-less, lower-higher);
- Be able to transfer to paper the simplest graphic drawings that are perceived visually (for example, redraw the sun or a house with a fence from a book illustration);
- Be able to paint over or hatch drawings, trace figures along the contour and along stencils;
- Be able to navigate in notebooks and textbooks (open the desired page, find the required column, write within the cell or lines in the notebook).
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